PLANT CHIMERAS IN TISSUE CULTURE: A REVIEW
Mary F. Pogany and R. Daniel Lineberger
The plant tissue culture information exchange
LITERATURE CITED
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
Return to text / Текст статьи
1. Anderson, W.C. 1975. Propagation of rhododendrons by tissue culture: Part 1. Development of a culture medium for multiplication of shoots. Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 25: 129-135.
2. Anderson, W.C. 1978a. (Abstr.) Tissue culture propagation of rhododendrons. In Vitro 14: 334.
3. Anderson, W.C. 1978b. Rooting of tissue cultured rhododendrons. Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 28: 135-139.
4. Anderson, W.C. 1984. A revised tissue culture medium for shoot multiplication of Rhododendron. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109 (3): 343-347.
5. Ando, T., Y. Akiyama, and M. Yokoi. 1986. Flower colour sports in Saintpaulia cultivars. Sci. Hort. 29: 191-197.
6. Arisumi, T. and L.C. Frazier. 1968. Cytological and morphological evidence for the single-cell origin of vegetatively propagated shoots in thirteen species of Saintpaulia treated with colchicine. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 93: 679-685.
7. Asen, S., R.N. Stewart, and K.H. Norris. 1971. Co-pigmentation effect of 
quercetin glycosides on absorption characteristics of cyanidin glycosides and 
color of Red Wing azalea. Phytochem. 10: 171-175.
8. Bateson, W. 1916. Root-cuttings, chimaeras and "sports". J. Genet. 6(2): 
75-80.
9. Beauchesne, G. 1982. Appearance of plants not true to type during in 
vitro plant propagation. In E.D. Earle and Y. Demarly (eds) Variability in 
Plants Regenerated from Tissue Culture, pp. 268-272. Praeger, New 
York.
10. Bergann, F. and L. Bergann. 1982. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des 
Angiospermenblattes. 1. Uber Periklinalchimaren bei Peperomia 
und ihre experimentelle Entmischung und Umlagerung. Biol. Zentr. 101: 
485-502.
11. Bigot, C. 1981. Multiplication vegetative in vitro de Begonia x 
hiemalis ('Rieger' et 'Schwabenland'). II. - Conformite des plantes 
elevees en serre. Agronomie 1 (6): 441-447.
12. Bilkey, P.C. and B.H. McCown. 1979. In vitro culture and propagation of 
Episcia sp. (Flame Violets). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 104 (1): 
109-114.
13. Bino, R.J., F. Bianchi, and H.J.W. Wijsman. 1984. Periclinal chimaerism 
in Petunia demonstrated by regeneration of plants from the mutated 
epidermal layer. Heredity 52 (3): 437-441.
14. Brand, M.H. and R.D. Lineberger. 1988. In vitro adventitious shoot 
formation on mature-phase leaves and petioles of Liquidambar 
styraciflua L. Plt. Sci. 57: 173-179.
15. Briggs, B. 1988. Personal communication.
16. Broertjes, C. and A. Keen. 1980. Adventitious shoots: Do they develop 
from one cell? Euphytica 29: 73-87.
17. Broertjes, C. and A.M. Van Harten. 1985. Single cell origin of 
adventitious buds. Euphytica 34: 93-95.
18. Burk, L.G. 1975. Clonal and selective propagation of tobacco from 
leaves. Plt. Sci. Lett. 4: 149-154.
19. Bush, S.R., E.D. Earle, and R.W. Langhans. 1976. Plantlets from petal 
segments, petal epidermis, and shoot tips of the periclinal chimera, 
Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Indianapolis'. Amer. J. Bot. 63 (6): 
729-737.
20. Carlson, P.S. and R.S. Chaleff. 1974. Heterogeneous associations of 
cells formed in vitro. In L. Ledoux (ed) Genetic Manipulation with Plant 
Materials, pp. 245-261. Plenum Press, New York.
21. Cassells, A.C. 1985. Genetic, epigenetic and non-genetic variation in 
tissue culture derived plants. In A. Schafer-Menuhr (ed) In Vitro 
Techniques, Propagation and Long Term Storage, pp. 111-120. Martinus 
Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publ.
22. Cassells, A.C. and D. Kelleher. 1984. Chimeral instability, breakdown 
and resynthesis as sources of somaclonal variation in Chrysanthemum. In 
P.G. Alderson and L.A. Withers (eds), Plant Tissue Culture and its 
Agricultural Applications. Proc. of 41st Conf. Easter School Ser. in 
Agric. Sci., Univ. Nottingham, Book of Abstr., p. 87.
23. Cassells, A.C. and G. Minas. 1983. Beneficially-infected and chimeral 
Pelargonium: Implications for micropropagation by meristem and explant 
culture. Acta Hort. 131: 287-297.
24. Chee, R. 1985. The history of rhododendron micropropagation provides 
some tips for success. Amer. Nurs. (May 15): 42-47.
25. Chin, C. 1980. Growth behavior of green and albino plants of 
Episcia cupreata 'Pink Brocade' in vitro. In Vitro 16 (10): 
847-850.
26. Chua, B.U., J.T. Kunisaki, and Y. Sagawa. 1981. In vitro propagation of 
Dracaena marginata 'Tricolor'. HortSci. 16 (4): 494.
27. Clayberg, C.D. 1975. Insect resistance in a graft-induced periclinal 
chimera of tomato. HortSci. 10 (1): 13-15.
28. Dai, C., V.N. Lambeth, R. Taven, and D. Mertz. 1987. Micropropagation 
of Rhododendron prinophyllum by ovary culture. HortSci. 22 (3): 
491-493.
29. Dayton, D.F. 1969. Genetic heterogeneity in the histogenic layers of 
apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 94 (6): 592-595.
30. De Loose, R. 1979. Radiation induced chimeric rearrangement in flower 
structure of Rhododendron simsii PLANCH. (Azalea 
indica L.), use of recurrent irradiation. Euphytica 28: 105-113.
31. Dermen, H. 1955. A 2-4-2 chimera of McIntosh apple. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 
45 (10): 324-327.
32. Dermen, H. 1960. Nature of plant sports. Amer. Hort. Mag. 39 (3): 
123-173.
33. Douglas, G.C. 1984. Propagation of eight cultivars of 
Rhododendron in vitro using agar-solidified and liquid media and direct 
rooting of shoots in vivo. Sci. Hort. 24: 337-347.
34. Economou, A.S. and P.E. Read. 1984. In vitro shoot proliferation of 
Minnesota deciduous azaleas. HortSci. 19 (1): 60-61.
35. Economou, A.S. and P.E. Read. 1986a. Microcutting production from 
sequential reculturing of hardy deciduous azalea shoot tips. HortSci. 21 (1): 
137-139.
36. Economou, A.S. and P.E. Read. 1986b. Influence of pH and medium 
composition on rooting of hardy deciduous azalea microcuttings. J. Amer. Soc. 
Hort. Sci. 111 (2): 181-184.
37. Esau, K. 1977. Anatomy of Seed Plants. 2nd ed. John Wiley & 
Sons, Inc., New York.
38. Ettinger, T.L. and J.E. Preece. 1985. Aseptic micropropagation of 
Rhododendron P.J.M. hybrids. J. Hort. Sci. 60 (2): 269-274.
39. Eyerdom, H. 1981. Flower color sports and variations in 
Saintpaulia hybrids. Afr. Viol. Mag. (Sept.): 33-37.
40. Fordham, I., D.P. Stimart, and R.H. Zimmerman. 1982. Axillary and 
adventitious shoot proliferation of Exbury azaleas in vitro. HortSci. 17 (5): 
738-739.
41. Galle, F. 1987. Azaleas. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
42. Grunewaldt, J. 1980. Spontane und induzierte Farbschecken von 
Saintpaulia ionantha H. WENDL. Gartenbauwiss. 45: 124-128.
43. Hackett, W.P. and J.M. Anderson. 1967. Aseptic multiplication and 
maintenance of differentiated carnation shoot tissue derived from shoot 
apices. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 90: 365-369.
44. Hall, H.K., M.H. Quazi, and R.M. Skirvin. 1986. Isolation of a pure 
thornless Loganberry by meristem tip culture. Euphytica 35: 1039-1044.
45. Hannapel, D.J., M.A. Dirr, and H.E. Sommer. 1981. (Abstr.) 
Micropropagation of native Rhododendron species. HortSci. 16 (3): 
452.
46. Harbage, J.F. and D.P. Stimart. 1987. Adventitious shoot regeneration 
from in vitro subcultured callus of Rhododendron Exbury hybrids. 
HortSci. 22 (6): 1324-1325.
47. Hartmann, H.T. and D.E. Kester. 1983. Plant Propagation, Principles 
and Practices. 4th ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
48. Howard, H.W. 1970. The eye-excision method of investigating potato 
chimeras. Potato Res. 13: 220-222.
49. Imai, Y. 1935. Variegated flowers and their derivatives by bud 
variation. Jour. of Genetics 30: 1-13.
50. Imel, M.R. and J.E. Preece. 1988. (Abstr.) Adventitious shoot formation 
from recultured leaves of Rhododendron. HortSci. 23 (3): 760.
51. Johnson, R.T. 1980. Gamma irradiation and in vitro induced separation 
of chimeral genotypes in Carnation. HortSci. 15 (5): 605-606.
52. Jones, J.B. and T. Murashige. 1974. Tissue culture propagation of 
Aechmea fasciata Baker and other bromeliads. Proc. Inter. Plant 
Prop. Soc. 24: 117-126.
53. Kameya, T. 1975. Culture of protoplasts from chimeral plant tissue of 
nature. Jap. J. Gen. 50 (5): 417-420.
54. Kasperbauer, M.J., T.G. Sutton, R.A. Andersen, and C.L. Gupton. 1981. 
Tissue culture of plants from a chimeral mutation of tobacco. Crop. Sci. 21: 
588-590.
55. Kavanagh, J.M., S.A. Hunter, and P.J. Crossan. 1986. Micropropagation 
of Catawba hybrid rhododendrons, 'Nova Zembla', 'Cynthia', and 'Pink Pearl'. 
Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 36: 264-272.
56. Kirk, J.T.O. and R.A.E. Tilney-Bassett. 1978. The Plastids: Their 
Chemistry, Structure, Growth and Inheritance. Elsevier/North-Holland 
Biomedical Press, New York.
57. Knuttel, A.J. and C. Addison. 1984. Deciduous azalea propagation: An 
overview of old and new techniques. Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 34: 
517-519.
58. Knuttel, A.J. and L.K. Benoit. 1987. Growing rhododendrons from tissue 
culture. Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 37: 321-323.
59. Kyte, L. and B. Briggs. 1979. A simplified entry into tissue culture 
production of rhododendrons. Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 29: 90-95.
60. Lineberger, R.D. and M. Druckenbrod. 1985. Chimeral nature of the 
pinwheel flowering African violets (Saintpaulia, Gesneriaceae). Amer. 
J. Bot. 72 (8): 1204-1212.
61. Lineberger, R.D. and A. Wanstreet. 1983. Micropropagation of 
Ajuga reptans 'Burgundy Glow'. OARDC Res. Circ. 274, pp. 
19-22.
62. Lloyd, G.B. and B.H. McCown. 1980. Commercially-feasible 
micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia, by use of 
shoot-tip culture. Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 30: 421-427.
63. Ma, S.S. and S.O. Wang. 1977. Clonal multiplication of azaleas through 
tissue culture. Acta Hort. 78: 209-215.
64. Marcotrigiano, M. 1986. Origin of adventitious shoots regenerated from 
cultured tobacco leaf tissue. Amer. J. Bot. 73 (11): 1541-1547.
65. Marcotrigiano, M. and F.R. Gouin. 1984a. Experimentally synthesized 
plant chimeras 1. In vitro recovery of Nicotiana tabacum L. 
chimeras from mixed callus cultures. Ann. Bot. 54: 503-511.
66. Marcotrigiano, M. and F.R. Gouin. 1984b. Experimentally synthesized 
plant chimeras 2. A comparison of in vitro and in vivo techniques for the 
production of interspecific Nicotiana chimeras. Ann. Bot. 54: 
513-521.
67. Marcotrigiano, M., P.A. Morgan, H.J. Swartz, and J. Ruth. 1987. 
Histogenic instability in tissue culture-proliferated strawberry plants. J. 
Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112 (3): 583-587.
68. Marcotrigiano, M. and R.N. Stewart. 1984. All variegated plants are not 
chimeras. Science 223: 505.
69. McCown, B.H. and G.B. Lloyd. 1983. A survey of the response of 
Rhododendron to in vitro culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 2: 
77-85.
70. McPheeters, K. and R.M. Skirvin. 1983. Histogenic layer manipulation in 
chimeral 'Thornless Evergreen' trailing blackberry. Euphytica 32: 351-360.
71. Meyer, M.M. 1980. In vitro propagation of Hosta 
sieboldiana. HortSci. 15 (6): 737-738.
72. Meyer, M.M. 1982. In vitro propagation of Rhododendron 
catawbiense from flower buds. HortSci. 17 (6): 891-892.
73. Mezitt, W. 1988. (In Press). Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc.
74. Mikkelsen, E.P. and K.C. Sink. 1978. In vitro propagation of Rieger 
Elatior begonias. HortSci. 13 (3): 242-244. 
75. Miyazaki, S. and Y. Tashiro. 1978. Tissue culture of 
Chrysanthemum morifolium RAMAT. III. Variation in chromosome 
number and flower color of plants regenerated from different parts of shoots 
in vitro. Agric. Bull. Saga Univ. 44: 13-31.
76. Murashige, T. 1974. Plant propagation through tissue cultures. Ann. 
Rev. Plant Physiol. 25: 135-166.
77. Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and 
bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497. 
78. Naylor, E.E. and B. Johnson. 1937. A histological study of vegetative 
reproduction in Saintpaulia ionantha. Amer. J. Bot. 24: 
673-678.
79. Neilson-Jones, W. 1969. Plant Chimeras. 2nd ed. Methuen & 
Co. LTD, London.
80. Norris, R. and R.H. Smith. (Abstr.) 1981. Regeneration of variegated 
African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha WENDL.) leaf chimeras in 
culture. Plant Physiol. 67: 117.
81. Norris, R., R.H. Smith, and K.C. Vaughn. 1983. Plant chimeras used to 
establish de novo origin of shoots. Science 220: 75-76.
82. Norton, M.E. and C.R. Norton. 1985. In vitro propagation of Ericaceae: 
A comparison of the activity of the cytokinins N6-benzyladenine and 
N6-isopentenyladenine in shoot proliferation. Sci. Hort. 27: 335-340.
83. Opatrny, Z. and Z. Landa. 1974. Regeneration of chlorophyll chimeras 
from leaf explants of Nicotiana tabacum L. Biol. Plant. 16 (4): 
312-315.
84. Papachatzi, M., P.A. Hammer, and P.M. Hasegawa. 1981. In vitro 
propagation of Hosta decorata 'Thomas Hogg' using cultured shoot 
tips. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106 (2): 232-236.
85. Peary, J.S., R.D. Lineberger, T.J. Malinich, and M.K. Wertz. 1988. 
Stability of leaf variegation in Saintpaulia ionantha during in 
vitro propagation and during chimeral separation of a pinwheel flowering form. 
Amer. J. Bot. 75 (5): 603-608.
86. Pierik, R.L.M. 1987. In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants. Martinus 
Nijhoff Publishers, the Netherlands.
87. Pierik, R.L.M. and H.H.M. Steegmans. 1983. Vegetative propagation of a 
chimerical Yucca elephantipes Regel in vitro. Sci. Hort. 21: 
267-272.
88. Preil, W. 1986. In vitro propagation and breeding of ornamental plants: 
advantages and disadvantages of variability. In W. Horn, C.J. Jensen, W. 
Odenback, and O. Schieder (eds), Genetic Manipulation in Plant 
Breeding, proceedings of an international symposium organized by EUCARPIA, 
Sept. 8-13, 1985, Berlin (West), Germany, pp. 377-403. Walter de Gruyter & 
Co., N.Y.
89. Preil, W. and M. Engelhardt. 1977. Meristem culture of azaleas 
(Rhododendron simsii). Acta Hort. 78: 203-208.
90. Preil, W. and M. Engelhardt. 1982a. In vitro-Entmischung von 
Chimarenstrukturen durch Suspensionskulturen bei Euphorbia 
pulcherrima WILLD. Gartenbauwiss. 47 (6): 241-244.
91. Preil, W. and M. Engelhardt. 1982b. Bestimmung der chimarischen 
Konstitution des Sprosscheitels der Chrysanthemensorte "Indianapolis-Pink" 
durch Suspensionskultur. Forsch. Bundesmin. Ernahrung, Landwirtschaft und 
Forsten. Jahresber. 1982, L 11-12.
92. Preil, W., M. Engelhardt, and A. Lorenz. 1983. Analyse der genetischen 
Konstitution des Sprosscheitels bei verschiedenen rosafarbigen 
Poinsettiensorten durch Suspensionskulturen. Bundesmin. Ernahrung, 
Landwirtschaft und Forsten. Forsch. Jahresber. 1983, L 22.
93. Pua, E.-C., C. Chong, and G.L. Rousselle. 1983. In vitro propagation of 
Ottawa 3 apple rootstock. Can. J. Plant Sci. 63: 183-188.
94. Salley, H.E. and H.E. Greer. 1986. Rhododendron Hybrids: A Guide to 
Their Origins. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
95. Satina, S. and A.F. Blakeslee. 1941. Periclinal chimeras in 
Datura stramonium in relation to development of leaf and flower. 
Amer. J. Bot. 28: 862-871.
96. Schmidt, A. 1924. Histologische Studien an phanerogamen 
Vegetationspunkten. Bot. Arch. 8: 345-404.
97. Sigma Chemical Company. 1989 Catalog.
98. Skene, K.G.M. and M. Barlass. 1983. Studies on the fragmented shoot 
apex of grapevine. J. Exper. Bot. 34 (147): 1271-1280.
99. Skirvin, R.M. 1978. Natural and induced variation in tissue culture. 
Euphytica 27: 241-266.
100. Skirvin, R.M. and J. Janick. 1976a. Tissue culture-induced variation 
in scented Pelargonium spp. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101 (3): 
281-290.
101. Skirvin, R.M. and J. Janick. 1976b. 'Velvet Rose' Pelargonium, 
a scented geranium. HortSci. 11 (1): 61-62. 
102. Smith, R.H. and R.E. Norris. 1983. In vitro propagation of African 
violet chimeras. HortSci. 18 (4): 436-437.
103. Sparrow, A.H., R.C. Sparrow, and L.A. Schairer. 1960. The use of X 
rays to induce somatic mutations in Saintpaulia. Afr. Viol. Mag. 13 
(4): 32-37.
104. Sriskandarajah, S., M.G. Mullins, and Y. Nair. 1982. Induction of 
adventitious rooting in vitro in difficult-to-propagate cultivars of apple. 
Plt. Sci. Lett. 24: 1-9.
105. Stewart, R.N. 1978. Ontogeny of the primary body in chimeral forms of 
higher plants. In S. Subtelny and I.M. Sussex (eds), The Clonal Basis of 
Development, pp. 131-160. Academic Press, New York.
106. Stewart, R.N. and H. Dermen. 1970. Somatic genetic analysis of the 
apical layers of chimeral sports in Chrysanthemum by experimental 
production of adventitious shoots. Amer. J. Bot. 57 (9): 1061-1071.
107. Strode, R.E., P.A. Travers, and R.P. Oglesby. 1979. Commercial 
micropropagation of rhododendrons. Proc. Inter. Plant Prop. Soc. 29: 
439-443.
108. Sunblade, T.M. and M.M. Meyer. 1982. (Abstr.) In vitro culture of 
variegated Saintpaulia and Episcia plants. HortSci. 17 (3): 
532.
109. Sutter, E. and R.W. Langhans. 1981. Abnormalities in 
Chrysanthemum regenerated from long term cultures. Ann. Bot. 48: 
559-568.
110. Suzuki, H. 1987. Personal communication.
111. Tilney-Bassett, R.A.E. 1963. The structure of periclinal chimeras. 
Heredity 18: 265-285.
112. Tilney-Bassett, R.A.E. 1986. Plant Chimeras. Edward Arnold, 
Baltimore, Maryland.
113. Welander, M. 1987. Biochemical and anatomical studies of Birch 
(Betula pendula Roth) buds exposed to different climatic 
conditions in relation to growth in vitro. In J.W. Hanover and D.E. Keathley 
(eds) Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants, pp. 79-99. Proc. of a Conf. 
on Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants, June 21-25, 1987, Mich. St. Univ. 
Plenum Press, New York.
114. Westerhof, J., F.A. Hakkaart, and J.M.A. Versluijs. 1984. Variation in 
two Begonia x hiemalis clones after in vitro propagation. Sci. 
Hort. 24: 67-74.
115. Winkler, H. 1907. Uber Pfropfbastarde und pflanzliche Chimaren. Ber. 
dtsch. bot. Ges. 25: 568-576.
116. Winkler, H. 1908. Solanum tubingense, ein echter Pfropfbastarde 
zwischen Tomate und Nachtschatten. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 26a: 595-608.
117. Zilis, M., D. Zwagerman, D. Lamberts, and L. Kurtz. 1979. Commercial 
propagation of herbaceous perennials by tissue culture. Proc. Inter. Plant 
Prop. Soc. 29: 404-413.